Liveness - 6 days ago · Configure a Liveness Check. Configuring a Liveness Check in Connected Mode. Flex Gateway includes the following CLI command to test gateway health: flexctl probe --check=liveness. If the Flex Gateway instance is running normally, the command returns an exit code of 0. Otherwise, the gateway is unhealthy and the command returns …

 
One of which, is Liveness Detection. The Turing Test could be described as a challenge which determines if a machine could be mistaken as human for a specific mode of interactions. In contrast, Liveness Detection is a test to uncover a machine that is pretending to be human. In 2019, Facebook terminated 5.4 billion fake accounts.. Oceangames

Jul 26, 2021 · T5-LDS (Liveness Detection System) is a real-time anti-spoofing biometric technology based on neural networks. The system can operate in combination with T5-Face recognition technology (1:1) or as a standalone solution to determine if a detected face is a real person and the owner of the ID or a spoofing attack.Definitions of liveness. noun. the property of being animated; having animal life as distinguished from plant life. synonyms: aliveness, animateness. see more. liveness analysis, by definition a variable x is deemed lived at line l if and only if the fact live(l;x) is in the saturated database. This may seem like an unreasonably expensive way to compute liveness, but in fact it can be quite efficient, both in theory and practice. In theory, we can look at the rules and determine their theoretical ... Time-Stamped 3D Liveness = No Security Honeypot Risk. Two types of data are required for every face authentication: 3D Face data for matching and real-time 3D Liveness data to prove the Face data was collected from a physically present person. 3D Liveness data is time-stamped, valid only for a few minutes, and can be deleted immediately.Nov 13, 2023 · What is Kubernetes Liveness Probe. Liveness probes are a mechanism provided by Kubernetes which helps determine if applications running within containers are operational. This can help improve resilience and availability for Kubernetes pods. By default, Kubernetes controllers check if a pod is running, and if not, restart it according to …If you rerun the liveness health check procedure by accessing the /q/health/live endpoint you can see that the new health check Health check with data is present in the checks array. This check contains a new attribute called data which is a JSON object consisting of the properties we have defined in our health check procedure.Tara McPherson talks about the liveness of the Internet as residing primarily in our navigation of it, making it a kind of liveness that “foregrounds volition and …Abstract. Television's liveness has long been seen as one of its key features. This paper argues that “liveness” is not a textual feature, but a more fundamental category (in Durkheim's sense) that contributes to underlying conceptions of how media are involved in social organization through their provision of privileged access to central social “realities.”Oct 5, 2023 · Liveness detection is the process of confirming that biometric data, such as fingerprints, facial images, or iris scans, originates from a genuine, living person rather than a fraudulent attempt (“spoof” or “presentation attack”). It employs algorithms to analyze and validate the authenticity of biometric data, preventing unauthorized ... For a program , this safety property is usually written using the Hoare triple . The liveness property, the "good thing", is that execution that starts in a state satisfying terminates. Note that a bad thing is discrete, [3] since it happens at a particular place during execution. A "good thing" need not be discrete, but the liveness property ... 0020-0190/85/$3.30 1985, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (North-Holland) 181. Volume 21, Number 4. INFORMATION PROCESSING LETTERS. 7October 1985. Wenow formalize safety.~ Let S be the set of pies of liveness properties include starvation free- program states, S'~ the set ofinfinite sequences of dom, termination, and guaranteed service. In ... Yes, at the beginning the pod is working correctly so both checks are OK, but when you crash the application the port 3000 is not available anymore (I guess), and since both checks are configured to check that port you see both errors in the events. The readiness probe is called every 10 seconds and not only at startup.Liveness Probe. A liveness probe checks if the container in which it is configured is still running. If the liveness probe fails, the kubelet kills the container, which will be subjected to its restart policy. Set a liveness check by configuring the template.spec.containers.livenessprobe stanza of a pod configuration. Readiness ProbeMar 1, 2023 · Selecting the type of liveness probe that most closely aligns with your application’s architecture and accurately exposes the internal state of your application is critical for successful workloads deployed to Kubernetes. 1. Command execution liveness probe: This probe runs a command or script inside the container. If the command … Oz Liveness is a leading facial recognition and authentication software used by private and public organizations across the globe to lower the risk of biometric fraud by preventing deepfake and spoofing attacks with 100% accuracy, validated by the industry’s most rigorous testing standard, ISO 30107 certification. 爱词霸权威在线词典,为您提供liveness的中文意思,liveness的用法讲解,liveness的读音,liveness的同义词,liveness的反义词,liveness 的例句等英语服务。首页 翻译 背单词 写作校对 词霸下载 用户反馈 专栏平台 登录 liveness是什么意思_liveness用英语怎么说 ...Nov 28, 2023 · Liveness配置 一种探测容器状态的探针,探测应用是否处于健康状态。如果不健康,则删除并重建容器。更多信息,请参见Pod Lifecycle。Readiness配置 一种探测容器状态的探针,探测应用是否启动完成并且处于正常服务状态。如果不正常,则更新容器的状态。Omnichannel Liveness Detection helps to close the security gap on web channels by preventing hackers from gaining easy access. “Liveness Detection completes the identity verification flow, while at the same time ensuring a positive customer experience,” said Brian Swanson, Executive Vice President, Head of Consumer Bank at …Liveness command. This deployment defines a livenessProbe that supports an exec liveness command that acts as the liveness check. If this command exits with a non-zero value, the container is killed and restarted, signaling the healthy file could not be found. If this command exits successfully with exit code 0, no action is taken.Nov 13, 2023 · Liveness Probe—indicates if the container is operating. If so, no action is taken. If not, the kubelet kills and restarts the container. Learn more in our guide to Kubernetes liveness probes. Readiness Probe—indicates whether the application running in the container is ready to accept requests. If so, Services matching the pod are allowed ... Nov 10, 2020 · Liveness and readiness are the two main probe types available in OpenShift. They have similar configuration APIs but different meanings to the platform. When a liveness probe fails, it signals to OpenShift that the probed container is dead and should be restarted. When a readiness probe fails, it indicates to OpenShift that the container being ...Liveness probes are used to check if an application within a container is still running and responding as expected. If the liveness probe fails, Kubernetes will automatically restart the container, attempting to recover the application. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to set up a liveness probe in Kubernetes: Step 1: Define a Liveness … liveness (usually uncountable, plural livenesses) The property of being alive. (computing theory) A set of properties of a concurrent system that require the system to make progress despite the fact that its concurrently executing processes may have to take turns in critical sections. Anagrams [edit] Nevilses, evilness, veinless, vileness, vineless Liveness is a noun that has four meanings in different fields, such as acoustics and computing. It is formed by derivation from live and -ness, and has been used since the 1890s. Learn more about its usage, pronunciation and origin from OED. Liveness check uses algorithms that analyze data - after they are collected from biometric scanners and readers - to verify if the source is coming from a fake representation. In essence, a liveness detection mechanism is a security feature developed to mitigate the vulnerability of biometric systems to spoofing attacks.Configure a Liveness Check. Configuring a Liveness Check in Connected Mode. Flex Gateway includes the following CLI command to test gateway health: flexctl probe --check=liveness. If the Flex Gateway instance is running normally, the command returns an exit code of 0. Otherwise, the gateway is unhealthy and the command returns a 1.Liveness detection is a short motion capture where we ask you to complete a few simple actions to verify a real, live person is completing the identity request. What if I can’t access my camera for liveness check? If you are receiving the following message “We are unable to access your web cam to start liveness detection.3. Proposed Method. For the end-to-end real-time solution for liveness detection on static images, we propose a solution similar to what was done in References [3,4].However, instead of using a preprocessing step (via Matlab code) for diffusing the images and feeding them to the deep CNN network, we provide an end-to-end solution …La detección de liveness es una técnica de autenticación para verificar que una persona está físicamente presente durante un proceso de verificación de identidad y no utilizando una fuente falsa de …Mar 25, 2020 · This page shows how to configure liveness, readiness and startup probes for containers. The kubelet uses liveness probes to know when to restart a container. For example, liveness probes could catch a deadlock, where an application is running, but unable to make progress. Restarting a container in such a state can help to make the application ... Liveness: Performance in a Mediatized Culture addresses what may be the single most important question facing all kinds of performance today. What is the status of live performance in a culture dominated by mass media and digital technologies? Since its first appearance, Philip Auslander’s groundbreaking book has helped to reconfigure a new area of study. Looking at specific instances of ... Sep 27, 2022 · 存活探针. Kubernetes提供了自愈的能力,具体就是能感知到容器崩溃,然后能够重启这个容器。. 但是有时候例如Java程序内存泄漏了,程序无法正常工作,但是JVM进程却是一直运行的,对于这种应用本身业务出了问题的情况,Kubernetes提供了Liveness Probe机制,通过 ...Deep Learning meets Liveness Detection: Recent Advancements and Challenges. Arian Sabaghi, Marzieh Oghbaie, Kooshan Hashemifard, Mohammad Akbari. Facial biometrics has been recently received tremendous attention as a convenient replacement for traditional authentication systems. Consequently, detecting malicious … Liveness is the quality or state of being live, especially the reverberant quality of a room. Learn more about the word history, usage, and related terms of liveness from Merriam-Webster dictionary. Alas, verifying liveness properties is computationally expensive and in some cases undecidable. Existing verification techniques do not scale to verify such properties. In this work, we provide a compositional programming abstraction that decouples reachability from stateful network functions. We then model the behavior of the programs ...Kubernetes liveness probe on a secure mTLS health check endpoint. 0. mTLS between services in K8S. 2. Kubernetes https communication. 3. Need help in configuring a simple TLS/SSL within k8s cluster for pod to pod communication over https. Hot Network Questions5 days ago · Active Liveness detection. Users are required to respond to “challenges” such as head motions, smiling, and blinking, which takes time and effort. This method is more reliable and trustworthy than passive liveness, but we have seen a move from active solutions to today’s modern, passive liveness detection is being driven by the fact that ... Liveness. The notion of liveness is fundamental for the detection and avoidance of deadlocks. A transition t is live with respect to a marking μ 0 if for each μ ∈ R ( N, μ 0) there exists a firing sequence σ such that μ enables t. A net system is live with respect to the initial marking if every transition is live. face liveness detection activate, the script asks the person to generate an action, for example one of the actions they may ask you to do is smile, turn your face to the right, get angry, blink, etc. The actions are requested randomly, after fulfilling all the actions it generates a message saying "liveness successful" or "liveness fail".Feb 6, 2024 · Kubernetes continuously monitors the health of containers inside the pods using the livenessProbe and the readinessProbe. The livenessProbe serves as a diagnostic check to confirm if the container is alive. On the other hand, readinessProbe ensures that the container is healthy to serve incoming traffic. When the livenessProbe fails, Kubernetes ... But, my need is to fetch some deployment/runtime details from k8s. for ex; in our deployment we have 3 web applications, kafka, couple of databases etc. Let us call those apps as ms-A, ms-B, ms-C. And say 2 instances of each are running. Assuming that liveness, readiness probes are configured, kubernetes now has that information.Jun 20, 2019 · In such cases we use readiness probe. If the condition inside readiness probe passes, only then our application can serve traffic. Readiness probe is defined in 3 ways exactly like the Liveness ...Liveness. The notion of liveness is fundamental for the detection and avoidance of deadlocks. A transition t is live with respect to a marking μ 0 if for each μ ∈ R(N, μ 0) …La detección de liveness es una técnica de autenticación para verificar que una persona está físicamente presente durante un proceso de verificación de identidad y no utilizando una fuente falsa de …Passive liveness processes the selfie image via Computer Vision Machine Learning (CVML). There are three main parts to the algorithm: face detection, quality engine and liveness engine. The face detect engine uses 68 focal points to ensure that the image represents a single person and will reject images with multiple people.I have investigated bitnami/redis charts and find out how do they implement liveness/readiness probe. From their charts, they create a health-configmap, which contains a shell script using redis-cli ping to health check redis server, and handle responses. Here is the configmap defined:Kubernetes liveness probe on a secure mTLS health check endpoint. 0. mTLS between services in K8S. 2. Kubernetes https communication. 3. Need help in configuring a simple TLS/SSL within k8s cluster for pod to pod communication over https. Hot Network QuestionsNote: We recommend customers to explore Amazon Rekognition Face Liveness, a new feature to deter fraud in facial verification, that is now generally available. Face Liveness detects spoofs presented to the camera (e.g. printed photos, digital photos or videos, or 3D masks) and spoofs that bypass the camera (e.g. pre-recorded real or … Implementing Oz Liveness detection from Oz Forensics has been a game-changer for us. The SaaS solution has enabled us to streamline our identity verification process, reducing manual workload and improving efficiency. We can now conduct 25,000 liveness verifications per month, which is a significant improvement from our previous manual process. Liveness, Reverberation Time, and Early Decay Time. Liveness or reverberation is the most recognizable acoustical parameter associated with concert halls. The reverberation time has been a useful metric since its discovery by Sabine. Although it is defined as the time required for the reverberant sound to decay 60 dB below the maximum, it is ... Oct 6, 2020 · Liveness probe. This is for detecting whether the application process has crashed/deadlocked. If a liveness probe fails, Kubernetes will stop the pod, and create a new one. Readiness probe. This is for detecting whether the application is ready to handle requests. If a readiness probe fails, Kubernetes will leave the pod running, but won't send ...Jumio’s liveness detection simply requires the user to hold their mobile device at a natural angle. The solution then performs liveness and anti-spoofing detection using advanced selfie technology to ensure the user is real (not a photo, video or paper copy), is not wearing a mask and is physically present at the time of the detection.Liveness probes check if the pod is healthy, and if the pod is deemed unhealthy, it will trigger a restart; this action is different than the action of Readiness Probes I discussed in my previous post. Let's look at the components of the probes and dive into how to configure and troubleshoot Liveness Probes. The preceding liveness probe indicates that the probe checks containers immediately after they are started. If a container does not respond within one second, the check is recorded as failed. The health check is performed every 10 seconds. If the check fails for three consecutive times, the container is restarted. Nov 10, 2020 · Liveness and readiness are the two main probe types available in OpenShift. They have similar configuration APIs but different meanings to the platform. When a liveness probe fails, it signals to OpenShift that the probed container is dead and should be restarted. When a readiness probe fails, it indicates to OpenShift that the container being ...articulation of a distinct perception of liveness. Key words: theatre audiences, discourse analysis, live performance Theatre Audiences and Perceptions of ‘Liveness’ in Performance That theatre is performed live is often presented as central to its definition, particularly. when making contrasts with non-live performances on film or television.Implementing Liveness Detection with Google ML Kit. Liveness detection is the ability to differentiate between a live person and a static image of a person, given a set of photos. It’s an important …Face liveness detection. Contribute to leokwu/livenessnet development by creating an account on GitHub. Navigation Menu Skip to content. Toggle navigation. Sign in Product Actions. Automate any workflow Packages. Host and manage packages Security. Find and fix vulnerabilities Codespaces ...What does the noun liveness mean? There are four meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun liveness . See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.Description. This volume brings together dynamic perspectives on the concept of liveness in the performing arts, engaging with the live through the particular analytical focus of audiences and experience. The status and significance of the live in performance has become contested: perceived as variously as a marker of ontological difference, a ...Configure a Liveness Check. Configuring a Liveness Check in Connected Mode. Flex Gateway includes the following CLI command to test gateway health: flexctl probe --check=liveness. If the Flex Gateway instance is running normally, the command returns an exit code of 0. Otherwise, the gateway is unhealthy and the command returns a 1.Liveness detection is a short motion capture where we ask you to complete a few simple actions to verify a real, live person is completing the identity request. What if I can’t access my camera for liveness check? If you are receiving the following message “We are unable to access your web cam to start liveness detection.nodejs-health-checker-lw. The main purpose of this package is to substitute nodejs-health-checker package and standardize the liveness and readiness actions for Nodejs applications running in Kubernetes deployments, without adding complexity and extra package installs. healthcheck. health-check. health-checker.Liveness Probes: checks your containers are alive. Readiness Probes: checks your containers are able to do productive work. Kubernetes assumes responsibility that your containers in your Pods are alive. If not, it restarts the containers that fail liveness probes. Kubernetes do not assume responsibility for your Pods to be ready.Jul 19, 2022 · Probes have a number of fields that can be used to more precisely control the behavior of liveness and readiness checks. initialDelaySeconds: Number of seconds after the container has started ... Here’s how readiness and liveness state changes in terms of application lifecycle events in Spring: Registering listeners and initializers. Preparing the Environment. Preparing the ApplicationContext. Loading bean definitions. Changing the liveness state to CORRECT. Calling the application and command-line runners.Scope: This document establishes terms and definitions in the field of biometric liveness detection and identifies characteristics of lifeless attacks and liveness detection methods, with analysis of lifeless attack instruments (LAIs). In addition, this document specifies liveness detection process and metrics. The following is outside of the scope of this …Health Check. Tier: Free, Premium, Ultimate. Offering: Self-managed. GitLab provides liveness and readiness probes to indicate service health and reachability to required services. These probes report on the status of the database connection, Redis connection, and access to the file system. These endpoints can be provided to schedulers like ...Sep 14, 2023 · Liveness detection is any technique used to detect a spoof attempt by determining whether the source of a biometric sample is a live human being or a fake representation. This is done using algorithms that analyze data collected from biometric sensors to determine whether the source is live or reproduced.Liveness is a complex and contested term that traverses performance, media, and music studies. It refers to the co-presence of performers and spectators, but also to the ideology, technology, and ontology of performance in a changing media environment. In the Topology view, click on the application node to see the side panel. Click the Monitoring tab to see the health check failures in the Events (Warning) section. Click the down arrow adjoining Events (Warning) to see the details of the health check failure. Additional resources. Liveness detection refers to technology that confirms the user is a real, live person. It detects eye movements, head rotation, and uses 3D depth perception to …Sep 20, 2023 · 5. Now, change the liveness probe port to 3000 in your deployment.yml file, as shown below, to check how a failed liveness probe detects unhealthy pods. The container directs traffic to port 80. Using other ports like 3000 will change the container port to a non-exciting port. The Kubernetes liveness probe should fail to check a valid traffic ... Jun 1, 2023 · liveness探测将在容器启动后10秒钟开始,并每隔10 秒钟运行一次。failureThreshold属性表示最大连续失败次数为3次,successThreshold属性表示必须至少1次成功才能将容器视为“健康”。timeoutSeconds属性表示探测请求的超时时间为10秒 ...Tara McPherson talks about the liveness of the Internet as residing primarily in our navigation of it, making it a kind of liveness that “foregrounds volition and …In the recent decade, comprehensive research has been carried out in terms of promising biometrics modalities regarding humans’ physical features for person recognition. This work focuses on iris characteristics and traits for person identification and iris liveness detection. This study used five pre-trained networks, including VGG-16, …Apr 24, 2019 · Liveness assurance methods aim at protecting biometrics devices from such spoof attacks. When a biometric is scanned, various approaches are implemented to determine the liveness of this biometric. Measuring heartbeats, estimating 2D and 3D face proportions, evaluating the quality of scanned faces and detecting heat radiating from scanned ... Discover Liveness Detection: Protecting biometric authentication from presentation attacks. Learn how it works for secure verification. Explore the concept of …Liveness detection is a short motion capture where we ask you to complete a few simple actions to verify a real, live person is completing the identity request. What if I can’t access my camera for liveness check? If you are receiving the following message “We are unable to access your web cam to start liveness detection. The preceding liveness probe indicates that the probe checks containers immediately after they are started. If a container does not respond within one second, the check is recorded as failed. The health check is performed every 10 seconds. If the check fails for three consecutive times, the container is restarted. VIDA uses top-global AI biometric verification technology to help you automate the identity verification process using liveness detection and based on an authoritative identity data source. VIDA Regulatory Compliance Exceptional Features. With global top-ranked Face Recognition technology and legal identity database, enhance ...

Liveness check enable: if it is set to yes, empty informational messages will be sent out after a time of inactivity. Liveness check or DPD for IKEv2 cannot be disabled on the PA-FW as per design. Resolution. IKEv2 tunnel going down due to DPD is an indication of connectivity issues between the VPN peers.. Burodecredito

liveness

Sep 6, 2014 · liveness analysis, by definition a variable x is deemed lived at line l if and only if the fact live(l;x) is in the saturated database. This may seem like an unreasonably expensive way to compute liveness, but in fact it can be quite efficient, both in theory and practice. In theory, we can look at the rules and determine their theoretical ...Mar 25, 2020 · This page shows how to configure liveness, readiness and startup probes for containers. The kubelet uses liveness probes to know when to restart a container. For example, liveness probes could catch a deadlock, where an application is running, but unable to make progress. Restarting a container in such a state can help to make the application ... They can open an envelope by selecting SIGN. The Let’s verify your identity screen opens. Select Next. The Tell us about your ID screen opens. Select the country that issued your identification documents and choose the ID you want to submit for verification. The Let’s get ready screen opens. Select Got it.Oct 6, 2020 · Liveness probe. This is for detecting whether the application process has crashed/deadlocked. If a liveness probe fails, Kubernetes will stop the pod, and create a new one. Readiness probe. This is for detecting whether the application is ready to handle requests. If a readiness probe fails, Kubernetes will leave the pod running, but won't send ...Active liveness detection operates with precision and attentiveness, crucial for robust biometric authentication. It captures multiple images (at least two) of the user in motion, often requiring facial movements. Advanced artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities analyse and confirm the identity of a real person.With the rapid development of fingerprint recognition systems, fingerprint liveness detection is gradually becoming regarded as the main countermeasure to protect the fingerprint identification system from spoofing attacks. Convolutional neural networks have shown great potential in fingerprint liveness detection. However, the generalization …Liveness . Events. Making Matters 2.0, 26 Apr – 6 May 2023, 2–6pm. Public Event; Musarc presents: Pond Corpse, Sat 29 Apr 2023, 5.30–7pm. Offsite; BelMondo Tracks: Architecture Studio 3 + Le Seppie at Venice Architecture Biennale 2023, 17 May 2022 – 26 Nov 2023. Offsite;Apr 7, 2023 · Liveness detection is a technology used to determine whether a biometric, such as a facial image or a voice recording, is captured from a live person or from a spoofed source. By implementing liveness detection, businesses can prevent fraud attempts, such as presenting a photo or video instead of a real person during identity verification. Liveness Probe. A liveness probe checks if the container in which it is configured is still running. If the liveness probe fails, the kubelet kills the container, which will be subjected to its restart policy. Set a liveness check by configuring the template.spec.containers.livenessprobe stanza of a pod configuration. Readiness ProbeLiveness detection refers to technology that confirms the user is a real, live person. It detects eye movements, head rotation, and uses 3D depth perception to …I have investigated bitnami/redis charts and find out how do they implement liveness/readiness probe. From their charts, they create a health-configmap, which contains a shell script using redis-cli ping to health check redis server, and handle responses. Here is the configmap defined:ADVANCE.AI Liveness Detection is used to distinguish digital representations of a user's face, between a live image, a 2D printed or a video clip by checking the live person's facial movements. It is widely used in various industries to verify the identities of their customers.Liveness detection is a highly desirable, yet rather unexplored anti-spoofing measure in biometric identity authentication [1], [2]. Especially in face analysis only a few approaches address this subject: in [3] , a depth map is constructed by recovering 3D structure from motion, which is in idea similar to our approach, since a live head and a …Yoti’s MyFace solution is NIST Level 2 approved with 100% attack detection. Why liveness is important for verification and authentication. The difference between active and passive liveness. Age, gender and skin tone bias minimised. Read our latest white paper on liveness to learn how Yoti’s MyFace liveness solution can help defeat ... Liveness, Reverberation Time, and Early Decay Time. Liveness or reverberation is the most recognizable acoustical parameter associated with concert halls. The reverberation time has been a useful metric since its discovery by Sabine. Although it is defined as the time required for the reverberant sound to decay 60 dB below the maximum, it is ... 쉽게 말하자면 라이브 여부를 확인하는 기술입니다. Live의 여부를 Detect 하는 것이 Liveness Detection (라이브니스 디텍션)의 뜻입니다. 아르고스 KYC처럼 다양한 국가에서 제출되는 신분증과 셀카 사진 (selfie)을 확인하며 KYC를 진행해야 하는 …Time-Stamped 3D Liveness = No Security Honeypot Risk. Two types of data are required for every face authentication: 3D Face data for matching and real-time 3D Liveness data to prove the Face data was collected from a physically present person. 3D Liveness data is time-stamped, valid only for a few minutes, and can be deleted immediately.Time-Stamped 3D Liveness = No Security Honeypot Risk. Two types of data are required for every face authentication: 3D Face data for matching and real-time 3D Liveness data to prove the Face data was collected from a physically present person. 3D Liveness data is time-stamped, valid only for a few minutes, and can be deleted immediately..

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